A lot of rubbish has been spoken about the offence of rape today, most egregiously by Ed Miliband. Rape is a serious matter which touches many people’s lives and which should be handled sensitively and intelligently.
Instead of this Miliband has decided to play to the baying pitchfork-and-burning-torches mob led in this instance by the Daily Mail (as if we should be shocked at that) by calling for Ken Clarke QCs resignation after he (Clarke) made comments about distinguishing between offences of rape.
Let’s begin with three truisms.
1) The punishment meted out by a court must be appropriate to the crime: it would be unjust if it did not. This is what we mean when we say culpae poenae par esto – the punishment must fit the crime.
2) Rape is a heinous crime, many believe the most serious in the criminal canon. There is no such thing as a non-serious or trivial rape.
3) Some rapes are more serious that others. This is a simple fact. To distinguish between different facts of cases of rape does not diminish the gravity of those found to be less serious than others.
Saying that some offences of rape are more serious than others IS NOT THE SAME as saying that some rape offences are not serious.
The simplest illustration of this principle is the sentencing guideline for rape, set out by the Sentencing Guidelines Council (of which more later), which dictates how a crown court judge must approach sentencing in rape cases.
The sentencing exercise involves a process to be undertaken by the judge, the first step of which is to asses on the basis of the facts of the case which category of rape the case falls into, as per the chart below:

SGC guidance
Common sense dictates that the Judge must distinguish each case according to its individual facts in order to make this judgement. It is perhaps distasteful but those who deal in criminal practice or legislation have to deal with varying degrees of rape. So it can be seen above that an offence which covers repeated rape of the same victim over a period of time, or rapes of a variety of victims must be punished more severely than a single offence of rape against a single victim; similarly a rape in which there is some element of abduction or detention or where the Defendant was in a position of trust.
Date Rape
Some of the more considered responses to Ken Clarke’s speech, notably not Miliband’s, focused on his use of the term ‘date rape’. Open the link above, have a read through the whole sentencing guideline. You will not find any reference to so-called ‘date-rape’ in it. It is a phrase unknown to criminal practice, and not one used in court. This maxim falls victim to what I am hereby christening ‘Gaijin San’s First Law’, namely:
“JUST BECAUSE IT RHYMES DOESN’T MAKE IT EITHER TRUE OR USEFUL*”.
The issues in rape cases come down to the harm done to a victim, the manner of the offence and crucially the culpability of the defendant – again, look at the SGC guideline, page 7, which deals with the importance of assessing culpability in determining the sentence in rape cases.
More latin for you – ‘actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea’ – the act does not make one guilty unless one has a guilty mind. It therefore follows that the state of mind of the defendant is a huge factor to be borne in mind when determining sentence.
A person who knowingly and deliberately forces a person into sex against their will is more culpable than a person who believes, albeit not on reasonable grounds, that a partner who has hitherto engaged in intimate contact consents to sex. Crucially, this is true whether it occurs in the context of a ‘date’ or not.
The term ‘date rape’ is therefore of no value in assessing the gravity of the offence under consideration and is one which in my view should never become a part of the criminal law.
Clarke used a ‘shorthand’ phrase that he should not have in order to illustrate a point which is true and valid. Is that a sacking offence? In a parliament full of those who have been complicit in lies peddled to the electorate to derail the AV referendum I would have thought not.
Ed Miliband
But Gaijin-san, I hear you protest, Miliband could simply be expressing views he honestly holds about the principal of distinguishing between offences of rape.
There is a problem with that. The Sentencing Guidelines Council, which for the first time codified the distinction between offences of rape which had been a part of criminal practice since minute one, was created by a Labour Government in which Miliband was a minister.
Now tell me this is not political opportunism.
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*Gaijin-san’s first law, subsection 1: “This applies equally to words which share assonance” Grudging thanks to @missellabell for this subsection.